藝苑掇英 Eugene Delacroix 歐仁·德拉克拉瓦 Romantism 1798-1863

Delacroix, Eugene, in full FERDINAND- VICTOR-EUGENE DELACROIX (b. April 26, 1798, Charenton-Saint-Maurice, Fr.--d. Aug. 13, 1863, Paris), the greatest French Romantic painter, whose use of colour was influential in the development of both Impressionist and Postimpressionist painters. His inspiration came chiefly from historical or contemporary events or literature, and a visit to Morocco in 1832 provided him with further exotic subjects.
mpressed by the techniques of English painters such as John Constable, Delacroix visited England in 1825. His tours of the galleries, visits to the theater, and observations of English culture in general made a lasting impression upon him.
Between 1827 and 1832 Delacroix seemed to produce one masterpiece after another. He again used historical themes in The Battle of Nancy and The Battle of Poitiers. The poetry of Lord Byron inspired a painting for the 1827 Salon, Death of Sardanapalus. Delacroix also created a set of 17 lithographs to illustrate a French edition of Goethe's Faust.
The French revolution of 1830 inspired the famous Liberty Guiding the People, which was the last of Delacroix's paintings that truly embodied the romantic ideal. He found new inspiration on a trip to Morocco in 1832. The ancient, proud, and exotic culture moved him to write "I am quite overwhelmed by what I have seen."
In 1833 Delacroix painted a group of murals for the king's chamber at the Palais Bourbon. He continued doing this type of painting, including panels for the Louvre and for the Museum of History at Versailles, until 1861. Much of the architectural painting involved long hours on uncomfortable scaffolding in drafty buildings, and his health suffered. He died on Aug. 13, 1863, in Paris. His apartment there was made into a museum in his memory.
歐仁·德拉克拉瓦（法語：Eugène Delacroix，1798年4月26日—1863年8月13日）是法國著名浪漫主義畫家。
1798年4月26日出生於法國瓦勒德馬恩省，曾師從法國古典主義畫派畫家Pierre-Narcisse Guérin學習繪畫，但卻非常欣賞荷蘭畫家彼得·保羅·魯本斯的強烈色彩的繪畫，並受到同時代畫家傑利柯的影響，熱心發展色彩的作用，成為浪漫主義畫派的典型代表。他的畫作對後期崛起的印象派畫家和梵谷的畫風有很大的影響。他1830年的著名畫作《自由引導人民》影響了浪漫主義作家維克多·雨果，30年後寫成著名的文學作品《悲慘世界》(1862)。該文學作品是對德拉克羅瓦畫作的呼應。這幅畫曾被印入法國政府發行的100法郎的鈔票和1980年的郵票上。據說印象派畫家從他的作品《十字軍進入君士坦丁堡》前景的女人背部色彩運用上得益不少。他初期的作品《希阿島的屠殺》曾被古典主義畫家安托萬-讓·格羅驚呼為是：「藝術的屠殺！」他曾經為波蘭音樂家蕭邦畫了著名的畫像。他訪問過阿爾及利亞和非洲，創作了大量異國風情的作品，甚至潛入伊斯蘭教徒的後室畫出《阿爾及利亞女人》。
德拉克羅瓦於1863年8月13日在巴黎去世，埋葬於拉雪茲神父公墓，留下一部記有對色彩學深入研究的德拉克羅瓦日記。
德拉克羅瓦是法國人民的驕傲，他的大部分作品被保存在巴黎羅浮宮，羅浮宮專為保存他的作品闢出好幾間展室。